Due to the restrictions necessitated by Covid-19, the 44th Annual Conference of the Historical Society of Israel took place on May 26, 2021 via Zoom. The conference was is partnership with Bar-Ilan University and was open to the public. The conference featured twenty researchers from different fields and was attended by approximately 70 people. Eight chair-persons hosted two simultaneous sessions This year’s topical theme, relating to human interaction with the natural surroundings throughout history prompted diverse and interesting discussions from a variety of angles.